പുതിയനിയമം  ഗലാത്തിയാക്കാർക്കുള്ള  ലേഖനം

Kem¯nbm¡mÀ¡pÅ teJ\w

^m. Nmt¡m ]p¯³]pcbv¡Â

BapJw

hn. ]utemk vÇolm cNn¨ teJ\§fn hfsc ]T\¯n\pw ]cnNn´\¯n\pw hnjbamb H¶mWv Kem¯nbm¡mÀ¡pÅ teJ\w. ]m]¯nt³dbpw \nba¯nt³dbpw _Ô\§fnÂ\n¶p tamN\w t\SnbYmÀ° kzmX{´y¯ns³d Acq]nbn Pohn¡p¶Xn\v hyànIsf klmbn¡p¶Xv tbip{InkvXphneqsS \evIs¸« ssZhIr]bmsW¶v Cu teJ\¯n ]utemkv hyàam¡p¶p. AtXmsSm¸w bYmÀ° kzmX{´yw kz´am¡phm³ Kem¯nbmbnse hnizmknIsf At±lw D]tZin¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. \nba¯nÂ\n¶pÅ kzX{´yt¯¡mtfsdssZha¡fpsS kzmX{´ys¯¸änbmWv teJ\w NÀ¨ sN¿p¶Xv. kphntij kXy§tfmSpÅ A\pkcWamWv ssZha¡fpsS kzmX{´y¯nte¡v \bn¡p¶Xv. Kem¯nbGjyssa\dnse Hcp tdma³ {]hniybmbncp¶p Kem¯nb. (Ct¸mÄ CXv B[p\nI XpÀ¡nbpsS `mKamWv). CXn DÄs¸«ncp¶ `q{]tZi§Ä Hmtcm ImeL«¯nepw cmjvSob kmlNcy§f\pkcn¨v hyXykvXambncp¶p. ]utemkv teJ\sagpXnbt¸mÄ Dïmbncp¶ Kem¯nb GsXÃmw `mK§Ä DÄs¸«XmsW¶v hyàambn ]dbpI km²yaÃ. F¦nepw CXv ent¡mWnbCkqdnb F¶o PnÃIfpw ]nkoZnb{^oPnb F¶nhbpsS `mK§fpwCt¡mWnbsZÀs_enkv{Xm XpS§nb ]«W§fpw DÄs¸«XmsW¶mWv s]mXphmb A`n{]mbw. ]utemkv Xs³d BZys¯ t{]£nX bm{Xbn apIfn ]dª ]«W§sfÃmw kµÀin¨v ssZhhN\w {]kwKn¨Xmbn hn. eq¡m tcJs¸Sp¯p¶pïv (A¸. {]h. 13þ14). XpSÀ¶pÅ At±l¯ns³d t{]£nXbm{Xbnepw Kem¯nb kµÀin¡p¶pïv (A¸. {]h. 16:6; 18:23).

teJ\IÀ¯mhv

teJ\IÀ¯mhv ]utemkv Xs¶bmsW¶v teJ\¯nÂ\n¶v a\Ênem¡mw (1:1; 5:2). teJ\¯ns³d Ahkm\`mK¯p kz´w ssI¸Sbn Xm³ Xs¶bmWv CsXgpXnbsX¶v ]utemkv ]dbp¶p (6:11). ImeL«hpw ØehpwteJ\¯ns³d cN\mkabs¯¡pdn¨pw Øes¯¡pdn¨pw IrXyamb \nÀ®bw \S¯pI km²yaÃ. F¦nepw e`n¨ncn¡p¶ ]cnanXamb sXfnhpIfp]tbmKn¨v F. Un. 49þ\pw 58þ\pw CSbn tImdnt´mknÂh¨v teJ\w FgpXn F¶v A\pam\n¡mw. teJ\ ]Ým¯ew]utemkpw At±l¯ns³d kl{]hÀ¯IcpamWv Kem¯nbmbn BZyambn kphntij{]tLmjWw \S¯nbXv. ]utemkv {]kwKn¨ kphntijw Bthit¯msS Kem¯nbm¡mÀ kzoIcn¨p. Ahcn `qcn]£hpw hnPmXobcmbncp¶p. ]utemkv aS§nt¸mbXn\ptijw blqZaX¯nÂ\n¶p ss{IkvXhhnizmkw kzoIcn¨ Nne anj\dnamÀ AhntS¡p h¶p. AhÀ sXämb {]t_m[\§Ä hgn Kem¯nbm¡mÀ¡nSbn Bib¡pg¸§fpïm¡n (Kem. 1:7). ss{IkvXh hnizmkw kzoIcn¡p¶hÀ ]cntOZnXcmbncn¡Wsa¶pw tamibpsS \nba§fpw blqZmNmc§fpw ]men¡Wsa¶pw AhÀ \njvIÀjn¨p. \nbam\pjvTm\¯neqsSbmWv a\pjyÀ c£ {]m]n¡p¶sX¶pw \nba{]ImcapÅ ]cntOZ\w Kem¯nb¡mÀ kzoIcn¡Wsa¶pw AhÀ Bhiys¸«p. hnPmXobcn \n¶pw hnizmkw kzoIcn¨ NneÀ ChcpsS kzm[o\¯nÂs¸«p. \nba¯n\pw blqZmNmc§Ä¡pw {]m[m\yw \evIm¯ ]utemkns³d A¸kvtXmem[nImcs¯bpw At±lw {]kwKn¨ kphntijt¯bpw AhÀ tNmZyw sNbvXp. Xm³ ]Tn¸n¨ ASnØm\ hnizmkkXy§fn \n¶v Kem¯nbmbnse k`bnse NneÀ hyXnNen¡p¶ Imcyw a\Ênem¡nb ]utemkv hfsc thZ\tbmSpIqSn FgpXnbXmWv Kem¯nbm¡mÀ¡pÅ teJ\w. Xm³ {]kwKn¨ kphntij¯n Dd¨p \nev¡Wsa¶pw \nbam\pjvTm\aà adn¨v tbip{InkvXphnepÅ hnizmkamWv Hcphs\ c£n¡p¶sX¶pw (Kem. 2:16) teJ\¯neqsS At±lw hnizmknIsf HmÀ½n¸n¡p¶p.

teJ\LS\

Bdv A²ymb§fpÅ Cu teJ\¯n\v Hcp BapJhpw (1:1þ5) D]kwlmchpapïv (6:11þ18). Ahsb amän \ndp¯nbm Cu teJ\s¯ aq¶p `mK§fmbn Xncn¡mw.

  1. 1:6þ2:21: teJ\sagpXphm\pïmb kmlNcys¯¡pdn¨pw k`bn cq]wsImïncn¡p¶ {]iv\§fn CSs]Sphm³ X\n¡pÅ AhImis¯¡pdn¨pw ]utemkv Cu `mK¯v ]dbp¶p. AtXmsSm¸w ]ca{][m\amb NneImcy§Ä kqNn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. Kem¯nbm¡mcpsS hnizmk¯n\pw (1:6) Xs³d am\km´c¯n\pwhnPmXobtcmSpÅ kphntij{]kwK¯n\pw (1:11þ17)sFIy¯n\v ImcWambn `hn¨ Pdpktew kµÀi\¯n\pw t{]cIambn \nesImïXv ssZh¯ns³d Ir]bmsW¶v ]utemkv Ahsc Adnbn¡p¶p. ssZh¯ns³d Ir]bnepÅ hnizmk¯nemWv \oXoIcWw km[yamIp¶Xv (2:16).
  2. 3:1þ5:12 :þ hnizmk¯neqsSbpÅ ss{IkvXhP\\s¯¡pdn¨v Kem¯nbm¡msc DZvt_m[n¸n¡p¶p (3:1þ5). {InkvXphns\¡pdn¨pÅ t{]mtLmjW¯n\v adp]Snbmbn \evIp¶ hnizmk¯neqsSbmWv Hcph³ \oXoIcn¡s¸Sp¶Xv. bYmÀ° ssZhP\w Bsc¶pw \nba¯ns³d ISasbs´¶pw bYmÀ° {InkvXob kzmX{´ysas´¶pw ]utemkv Cu `mK¯v NÀ¨ sN¿p¶p. kzmX{´y¯ns³d a¡fmbn amtdïhcmWv \mw Hmtcmcp¯cpw. kzmX{´y¯ns³d k´XnIfmhpI F¶ph¨m BXvamhn Pohn¡p¶ hmKvZm\¯ns³d k´XnIfmhpI F¶À°w.
  3. 5:13þ6:10:þ kzmX{´y¯ns³d D¯chmZnXz]qÀ®amb D]tbmKs¯¡pdn¨v Cu `mK¯v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p. kzmX{´y¯ns³d a¡Ä ]ckv]chntZzjtamhn`mKob Nn´ItfmIeltam DÅhcmbncn¡cpXv (5:15). Kem¯nbm¡mÀ¡v \nba§Ä \evIp¶Xnep]cnbmbvBXvamhns³d {]Ya^eamb kvt\l¯¡pdn¨mWv AhtcmSv ]dbp¶Xv. \nbas¯ ]qÀ®am¡p¶Xpwkaqls¯ ]Sp¯pbÀ¯p¶Xpw kvt\lamWv (5:13. 14. 22) ssZhimkv{X {]tab§Ä hnizmk¯neqsS \oXoIcWwKem¯nbmbnse k`bn h¶ blqZ ss{IkvXh anj\dnamÀ {InkvXphns\¡mtfsd {]m[m\yw \nba¯n\p \ÂevIpIbpw\nbam\pjvTm\amWv c£bv¡v AXy´mt]£nXamb LSIw F¶v ]Tn¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. Hcp]äw BfpIÄ ]cntOZ\w kzoIcn¡pIbpw asämcp hn`mKw BfpIÄ ]cntOZ\w kzoIcn¡mXncn¡pIbpw sN¿pt¼mÄ kaql¯n DïmImhp¶ ]nfÀ¸ns\¸än ]utemkv t_m[hm\mbncp¶p. {InkvXphns³d icoc¯n {InkvXym\nIÄ¡pïmtIï sFIys¯¸än t_m[hm\mbncp¶ ]utemkn\vCu thÀXncnhv Ak´pjvSn¡v ImcWambn. AXpsImïmWv ]utemkv a\pjy³ \oXoIcn¡s¸Sp¶Xv (c£n¡s¸Sp¶Xv) \nba¯neqsSbà adn¨vtbip{InkvXphneqsSbmsW¶v Kem¯nbm¡msc t_m[ys¸Sp¯p¶Xv. tbip{InkvXphns³d hnizmk¯nepw tbip{InkvXphnepÅ hnizmk¯mepamWv \mw \oXoIcn¡s¸Sp¶Xv. tbiphns³d acWw aqew \mw \nba¯ns³d \pI¯nÂ\n¶p kzX{´cm¡s¸SpIbpw ssZhw \s½ tbiphneqsS kzoIcn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. \nba¯neqsS \oXoIcWw km[yaà (3:18þ20). \nbaw PohZmbIaÃ. \mw hnizmk¯memWv \oXoIcn¡s¸Sp¶Xv F¶p hyàam¡phm³ ]utemkv A{_lmans³d hnizmks¯¡pdn¨v ]dªpsImïv Bcw`n¡p¶p. A{_lmw hnizmk¯neqsSbmWv \oXoIcn¡s¸«Xv. hnizmk¯neqsS \oXoIcn¡s¸«hscÃmw A{_lmans³d a¡fmWv (3:7); A{_lmans³d ]n³XpSÀ¨¡mcpamWv. \nbam\pjvTm\aà A{_mls¯ \oXoIcn¡s¸«h\m¡n¯oÀ¯Xvadn¨v ssZh¯ns³d hmKvZm\¯nepÅ hnizmkamWv. ImcWw A{_ml¯n\v hmKvZm\w e`n¨Xv \nbaw DïmIp¶Xn\v 430 hÀjw ap³]mWv. A{_mlt¯mSp sNbvX hmKvZm\w \nba_ÔnXaÃ. AXv \nba¯n \n¶p kzX{´amWv. ]n¶oSp h¶ \nbaw hmKvZm\s¯ Akm[phm¡p¶nà (3:1518). Hcph³ bYmÀ°¯n A{_ml¯ns³d k´Xnbpw ]n³XpSÀ¨¡mc\pamIp¶Xv At±l¯ns³d hwi¯n P\n¨XpsImïà adn¨v At±lt¯mSp hmKvZm\w sN¿s¸« k´Xnbmb tbip{InkvXphnepÅ hnizmkw aqeamWv. \nba¯ns³d ISassZhnI ]²Xnbn \nba¯n\v Øm\apïmbncp¶p F¶m AXn\v Hcp kq£n¸pImcs³d ISa am{Xtabpïmbncp¶pÅq. a\pjyscAhcpsS ]m]s¯¡pdn¨v t_m[hm·mcm¡p¶Xn\pthïnbmWv \nbaw \evIs¸«Xv. ]m]w CÃmXm¡phm³ \nba¯n\p km[n¡pIbnÃ. F¶m tbip{InkvXphns³d BKa\t¯mSpIqSn \nba¯ns³d {]kvIXn \jvSs¸«p. AXphsc \nba¯ns³d Imhenembncp¶ a\pjyÀ ]n¶oSv Ah\nepÅ hnizmkw hgn ]m]¯ns³d _Ô\¯nÂ\n¶pw kzX{´cm¡s¸Sp¶p. ss{IkvXhkzmX{´ywtbip{InkvXphnepÅ hnizmkwhgn e`n¡p¶ kzmX{´yamWv ss{IkvXhkzmX{´yw. \nba¯nt³dbpw ]m]¯nt³dbpw _Ô\¯n \n¶v Hcph³ hnizmkwhgn tamNnX\mIp¶p. C{]Imcw kzmX{´yw {]m]n¨hÀ thsdmcp ASna¯¯nte¡v {]thin¨ncn¡pIbmWv. AhÀ {InkvXphnt³dbpw X§fpsS ktlmZc§fptSbpw ASnaIfmbn amdp¶p (Kem 1:10;5:13þ14). kvt\l¯n\pw tkh\¯n\pw thïnbpÅ Hcp ]pXnb ASna¯amWnXv. CXnemWv {InkvXob kzmX{´y¯ns³d A\\yX AS§nbncn¡p¶Xv. ssZha¡fpsS kzmX{´yw shfns¸tSïXv k·mÀ¤PohnX¯neqsSbmsW¶pw ]utemkv hyàam¡p¶p (5:16þ26).

teJ\¯neqsS hyàam¡phm³ At±lw {ian¡p¶ aäp{][m\s¸« Bib§Ä Xmsg¸dbp¶hbmWv.

]utemkns³d A¸kvtXmenIXKem¯nbmbnte¡p IS¶ph¶ blqZ{InkvXy³ anj\dnamÀ ]utemkns³d kphntijs¯ sXämbn hymJym\n¨XpsImïv]utemkn\v Xs³d B[nImcnX sXfnbn¡pIsb¶Xv AXy´mt]£nXambn¯oÀ¶p. AXpsImïv Cu teJ\¯n A¸kvtXme\mIm\pÅ Xs³d hnfnsb¡pdn¨pw B[nImcnIXsb¡pdn¨pw ]utemkv hyIvXam¡p¶p. AXn\pÅ ImcW§Ä Xmsg¸dbp¶hbmWv.

  1. ]utemkns³d hnfn þ a\pjycnÂ\n¶Ãadn¨v {InkvXphneqsSbpÅ ssZhnIIr]bnÂ\n¶mWv DZv`hn¨Xv. Xs³d hnfn am\pjnIaÃm¯XpsImïvkphntijhpw am\pjnIaÃ. ]utemkns³d kphntijw tbip{InkvXphneqsS shfns¸Sp¯s¸«XmWv. (1:12). ssZhoIamb Cu hnfn ]utemkns³d ssÇloIXsb \ymboIcn¡p¶p.
  2. GsXms¡ Ahkc§fn A¸kvtXme·mÀ Hcpan¨p IqSntbmB Ahkc§fnsems¡ ]utemkns³d kphntij¯ns³d B[nImcnIXbpw AwKoIcn¡s¸«n«pïv (2:2þ9). CXpw ]utemkns³d A¸kvtXmenIXsb kqNn¸n¡p¶p.
  3. At´ymIymbnÂh¨v ]t{Xmkpw _À®_mkpw N©eNn¯cmbt¸mÄ ]utemkv `bteiat\y Dd¨p\n¶psImïv A¸kvtXme\mIm\pÅ Xs³d tbmKyXsb shfns¸Sp¯n (2:11þ14)Cu sXfnhpIfneqsS ]utemkv Xs³d hnfnbpw kphntijhpw bmYmÀ°yamsW¶v {]kvXmhn¡p¶p. ]t{Xmkns³d ]cam[nImcwteJ\¯ns³d BZy`mK§fnÂXs¶ ]utemkv ]t{Xmkns\ AwKoIcn¡p¶Xmbn ImWmw. Cu `mK§fneqsS ]t{Xmkns³d B[nImcnIXsb (]cam[nImcw) ]utemkv FSp¯p]dbp¶p.
  1. 1:18 þ aq¶p hÀj§Ä¡ptijw tI¸msb ImWm³ Rm³ Pdpkteante¡p t]mbn. ]utemkn\p {InkvXphns\bpw Ahs³d PohnXs¯bpw]änbpÅ hyàamb [mcWIÄ e`n¡p¶Xv ]t{Xmkn \n¶mWv. ]t{Xmkv]utemkn\v {InkvXphns\¡pdn¨dnbphm\pÅ DdhnSambnamdp¶p. CXneqsS ]t{Xmkns³d B[nImcnIXsb ]utemkv AwKoIcn¡p¶p.
  2. 2:2 þ ]n¶oSv 14 hÀj¯n\ptijw _À®_mknt\mSpIqsS Rm³ hoïpw Pdpkteante¡p t]mbn. kaql¯n hntbmPn¸pïmbXns\ XpSÀ¶vHcp {]iv\]cnlmcw Isï¯phm\pÅ {iaambmWv ]utemkv Pdpkteante¡v hcp¶Xv. Pdpktean ]t{Xmkpïv. ChnsS ]t{Xmkns\ sFIy¯ns³d {]XoIambn ]utemkv ImWn¡p¶p. . ssZhimkv{XPvR·mÀ Cu kµÀi\¯n\v asämcp hymJym\wIqSn \evIp¶pïv. k`bpambn A\pcPvR\s¸Sp¶Xn\pap¼mbn ]utemkn\v ]t{Xmkpambn A\pcPvR\¯nse¯pI Bhiyambncp¶p F¶mWv AhÀ ]dbp¶Xv. ]utemkv]t{Xmkns\bYmÀ° ]mc¼cy¯ns³d DdhnSambpwsFIy¯ns³d ASbmfambpwA[nImcapÅh\mbpw AwKoIcn¨psImïv ]t{Xmkns³d ]cam[nImcs¯ shfns¸Sp¯p¶p. D]kwlmcwtbip{InkvXphnepÅ hnizmkwhgn ssZha¡fpsS kzmX{´y¯nte¡p {]thin¨ Kem¯nbm¡mÀ sXämb {]t_m[\§Ä¡v hgns¸«v hoïpw \nba¯ns³d _Ô\¯neIs¸«p. Cu ]Ým¯e¯n Ahsc hnizmk¯n Dd¸n¨p \ndp¯phm\pw bYmÀ° c£bpw kzmX{´yhpw Fs´¶v ]Tn¸n¡phm\pwthïn FgpXs¸«XmWv Kem¯nbm¡mÀ¡pÅ teJ\w. c£ ssZh¯ns³d Zm\amsW¶pw \nbam\pjvTm\w hgnbÃadn¨v tbip{InkvXphnepÅ hnizmkw hgnbmWv Hcph³ c£n¡s¸Sp¶sX¶pw Cu teJ\¯n ]utemkvÇolm hyàam¡p¶p. bYmÀ° kzmX{´yw {InkvXphns³d Zmk·mcmbn Pohn¡p¶XnemWS§nbncn¡p¶Xv. ssZhmcq]nbn \ndªv ]ckv]ckvt\lip{iqj sNbvXpsImïv Cu kzmX{´yw A\p`hn¡phm³ Kem¯nbmbnse hnizmknItfmsS¶t]mse C¶p \t½mSpw Çolm Bhiys¸Sp¶p.